The archive

Afrikaans

Afrikaans

Germanic, stripped to the bone

The youngest Germanic language and the one that threw away the most grammar while staying fully expressive.

FamilyProto-Indo-European › Germanic › West Germanic › Afrikaans
ScriptLatin
Speakers17M 7M native · 10M second
Weeks to a working level24 Counted from English. It is the Foreign Service Institute's figure for someone starting from English and from nothing.
The first hundred words cover61.7% and the first thousand 84.1%
What sets it apart
  • Verbs do not change for person or number at all. Ek is, jy is, hulle is: one form for everyone, which no other Germanic language manages.
  • Two of the past tenses simply disappeared. Most of the past is carried by one word, het, plus the participle.
  • Negation comes in a pair. You close the sentence with a second nie even when the first one has already done the job.
  • It grew in the mouths of Dutch settlers, Malay and Khoi speakers and enslaved people from three continents, which is why its grammar is so much simpler than its parent's.
  • A Dutch speaker reads it almost immediately. The reverse is harder, which is a common shape for a daughter language and its parent.
What it opens

The youngest Germanic language, stripped to the bone: no verb conjugation by person, two past tenses gone. A Dutch speaker reads it in a week; everyone else learns how simple grammar can get and still work. And the payoff is immediate: Die Antwoord's lyrics, Deon Meyer's crime novels, and two countries of safari small talk open up in weeks, not years.

Next to its neighbours

Where Afrikaans parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Afrikaans vs English → Afrikaans vs German → Afrikaans vs Dutch →