The archive

Esperanto

Esperanto

Built on purpose, in 1887

The only invented language with native speakers, and the only one whose grammar has no exceptions because someone decided it would not.

FamilyProto-Indo-European › Esperanto
ScriptLatin
Speakers2M 0k native · 2M second
Weeks to a working levelNot rated by the FSI. Learners typically report reaching in months what a natural language takes years to give.
The first hundred words cover51.8% and the first thousand 74.0%
What sets it apart
  • Published in 1887 by Ludwik Zamenhof, who grew up in a town where four languages argued with each other daily.
  • Sixteen rules, no exceptions, no irregular verbs. Every noun ends in o, every adjective in a, every adverb in e.
  • There are around a thousand people who grew up speaking it at home, children of couples who met through the movement.
  • The accusative ending -n means word order is free: you can put the object first and nothing breaks.
  • One root gives you a whole family. Sana healthy, malsana ill, malsanulo a patient, malsanulejo a hospital.
  • Stress falls on the second-to-last syllable. Always, with no exceptions.
What it opens

Designed in 1887 to be learnable in months, and it is: sixteen rules, no exceptions. Studies keep finding it speeds up whatever language you learn after it. Pasporta Servo, the couch-surfing network for speakers, has been running since 1974: learn it and strangers worldwide host you on principle.

Next to its neighbours

Where Esperanto parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Esperanto vs English → Esperanto vs Hindi → Esperanto vs Spanish →