The archive

Kazakh

Қазақ тілі

Changing alphabets, again

A Turkic language on its third writing system in a century, currently moving from Cyrillic to Latin.

FamilyTurkic › Kazakh
ScriptCyrillic, moving to Latin
Speakers17M 13M native · 4M second
Weeks to a working levelNot rated by the FSI. Close in structure to Turkish, which sits at 44 weeks.
The first hundred words cover39.2% and the first thousand 73.9%
What sets it apart
  • Arabic script until the 1920s, Latin briefly, then Cyrillic under the Soviet Union, and now a return to Latin planned to finish by 2031.
  • Agglutinative, with vowel harmony, so endings stack and change shape to match the stem.
  • No grammatical gender, and no articles.
  • Almost everyone who speaks it also speaks Russian, and the balance between the two is a live political question.
  • Turkish and Kazakh speakers can catch pieces of each other. The family stretches from the Balkans to western China.
What it opens

A Turkic language across the world's largest landlocked country, mid-move from Cyrillic to Latin script. Vowel harmony and suffix stacking: one word can be a sentence. The new Silk Road runs through Almaty; oil, steppe and eagle hunters included. Russian gets you around, Kazakh gets you welcomed.

Next to its neighbours

Where Kazakh parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Kazakh vs Turkish →