The archive

Malay

Bahasa Melayu

A thousand years of trade

The lingua franca of the archipelago long before anyone standardised it, and the parent of Indonesian.

FamilyAustronesian › Malay
ScriptLatin
Speakers290M 19M native · 271M second
Weeks to a working level36 Counted from English. It is the Foreign Service Institute's figure for someone starting from English and from nothing.
The first hundred words cover50.2% and the first thousand 78.9%
What sets it apart
  • It was the trade language of maritime southeast Asia for centuries before any colonial power arrived.
  • Malaysian and Indonesian are the same language with different official vocabularies, shaped by British and Dutch colonial borrowings respectively.
  • No tense, no gender, no plural endings, no verb agreement.
  • It was written in a modified Arabic script, Jawi, for centuries, and that script is still taught and used in some contexts.
  • Affixes do the heavy lifting: one root plus prefixes and suffixes gives you a whole family of related words.
What it opens

One language, four countries, no conjugations and no tones. The trade tongue of the straits for five centuries: built to be picked up, and it still is. Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Brunei on one grammar with no tenses: the fastest big-city payoff in Asia for the hours invested.

Next to its neighbours

Where Malay parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Malay vs Indonesian → Malay vs Tagalog →