The archive

Serbian

Српски

Two alphabets, same language

The only European language that uses two scripts officially and interchangeably, letter for letter.

FamilyProto-Indo-European › Balto-Slavic › Slavic › South Slavic › Serbian
ScriptCyrillic and Latin
Speakers8M 7M native · 1M second
Weeks to a working level44 Rated by the FSI as Serbo-Croatian. Counted from English. It is the Foreign Service Institute's figure for someone starting from English and from nothing.
The first hundred words cover46.3% and the first thousand 71.4%
What sets it apart
  • Both alphabets are official and both are taught. The same person will write a text in Latin and a form in Cyrillic without thinking about it.
  • The two map onto each other perfectly, one letter each way, so converting is mechanical.
  • The spelling reform of Vuk Karadžić in the nineteenth century gave it one letter per sound, and it has stayed that way.
  • Four pitch accents, marked in dictionaries and ignored by learners at their peril.
  • Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian speakers understand one another completely, whatever the passports say.
What it opens

Digraphia in the wild: the same language written daily in Cyrillic and Latin, and readers switch without noticing. One grammar, three countries, both alphabets. Belgrade's nightlife runs till breakfast, kafana songs run till tears, and speaking Serbian converts you from tourist to guest of honour.

Next to its neighbours

Where Serbian parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Serbian vs Bosnian → Serbian vs Bulgarian → Serbian vs Croatian →