The archive

Sinhala

සිංහල

Round letters, palm-leaf reasons

An Indo-Aryan island in a Dravidian sea, written in a script whose curves come from the material it was written on.

FamilyProto-Indo-European › Indo-Iranian › Indo-Aryan › Sinhala
ScriptSinhala
Speakers22M 17M native · 5M second
Weeks to a working level44 Counted from English. It is the Foreign Service Institute's figure for someone starting from English and from nothing.
The first hundred words cover80.7% and the first thousand 95.8%
What sets it apart
  • Its letters are round because straight lines would split a palm leaf when carved with a stylus. The writing surface shaped the alphabet.
  • It is Indo-Aryan, related to Hindi and Bengali, sitting a long way south of all of them and surrounded by Dravidian Tamil.
  • Written and spoken Sinhala are so different that learners effectively take on two systems, and the written one is not used in conversation.
  • It has prenasalised consonants, a sound type its mainland relatives do not have.
  • Its vocabulary carries loans from Tamil, Portuguese, Dutch and English, in that historical order.
What it opens

An Indo-European island in a Dravidian sea, with round letters shaped by palm-leaf writing: straight lines tore the leaf, so the script learned to curve. Sri Lanka's beaches and tea country are the draw; a language with its own round alphabet and eight ways to say rice is the keepsake.

Next to its neighbours

Where Sinhala parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Sinhala vs Hindi → Sinhala vs Bengali → Sinhala vs Urdu →