The archive

Tamil

தமிழ்

Still speaking a classical language

One of the longest continuously used languages on earth, with literature two thousand years old that is still read.

FamilyDravidian › Tamil
ScriptTamil
Speakers87M 79M native · 8M second
Weeks to a working level44 Counted from English. It is the Foreign Service Institute's figure for someone starting from English and from nothing.
The first hundred words cover40.8% and the first thousand 69.2%
What sets it apart
  • Its classical literature, the Sangam poetry, is around two thousand years old and Tamil speakers can still study it in the original.
  • It is a classical language that never stopped being an everyday one, which is a very short list.
  • Written and spoken Tamil differ sharply, and the written form is closer to the classical language than to conversation.
  • It has retroflex consonants made by curling the tongue back, including some that other Indian languages lost.
  • It is official in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore, which is a rare spread for a regional language.
What it opens

A classical language older than Latin that never stopped being spoken: poetry from two thousand years ago, still read, still quoted, eighty million speakers. Chennai's film industry, Jaffna's poetry, Singapore's official signage: a classical language with a modern triple citizenship.

Next to its neighbours

Where Tamil parts company with the languages closest to it, and what each one would cost you from here.

Tamil vs Telugu → Tamil vs Malayalam →